Atitudes e conhecimento dos consumidores sobre os alimentos irradiados: um inquérito conduzido em Natal, Brasil

The aim of this study is to assess the attitudes and knowledge of consumers about irradiated foods. The study sample corresponded to 65.52% women and the mean age was 41.82 (SD: 14.33) years. Only 66.9% of respondents consumers consult the list of ingredients on the label of packaged foods, and 13.4% of them said they had detected the phrase “FOOD TREATED BY IRRADIATION PROCESS.” Furthermore, 86.6% considered that irradiation becomes unsafe food and thus 94.9% of those not consume these foods, as well as 29.6% of those who felt otherwise. Women had a score of attitude towards irradiated foods less favorable than men. The television was considered the most efficient means of communication to report on irradiated foods. We conclude that consumers of the city of Natal lack information about food irradiation and acceptance of these products depends on how the policies are directed to food security and health education, including through the use of sources of mass information dissemination. The information on the labels of irradiated foods is controversial, although sufficient instruments for detection of irradiated foods by these consumers.O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as atitudes e o conhecimento dos consumidores sobre os alimentos irradiados. A amostra do estudo correspondeu a 65,52% de mulheres e a média de idade foi 41,82 (D.P.: 14,33) anos. Apenas 66,9% dos consumidores entrevistados consultam a lista de ingredien-tes no rótulo dos alimentos embalados, e 13,4% destes disseram ter detectado a frase “ALIMENTO TRATADO POR PROCESSO DE IRRADIAÇÃO”. Além disso, 86,6% consideravam que a irradiação torna o alimento inseguro e, portanto, 94,9% destes não consumiriam estes alimentos, assim como 29,6% daqueles que consideraram o contrário. As mulheres apresentaram escore de atitude menos favorá-vel que os homens em relação aos alimentos irradiados. A televisão foi considerada o meio de comu-nicação mais eficiente para informar sobre os alimentos irradiados. Concluímos que os consumidores do município do Natal carecem de informações sobre a irradiação de alimentos e a aceitação destes produtos depende da forma como são aplicadas as políticas de segurança alimentar e de educação sanitária, inclusive através do uso de fontes de disseminação da informação em massa. As informa-ções contidas nos rótulos de alimentos irradiados são controversas, apesar de serem instrumentos suficientes de detecção de alimentos irradiados por parte destes consumidores

Factores asociados a la prevalencia de síntomas osteomusculares en profesores

Objetivo Determinar la alta frecuencia de síntomas osteomusculares en los profesores de la red municipal de Natal/RN, y verificar la existencia de una asociación entre las variables socioeconómicas, ocupacionales y de salud con la presencia de esa sintomatología. Materiales y Métodos Se trata de una investigación descriptiva con corte transversal, que tuvo como muestra 242 docentes de la red básica. Para la evaluación de los síntomas osteomusculares se utilizó el cuestionario Nórdico. El análisis utilizó procedimientos descriptivos y el test de Qui-Cuadrado inicialmente, y en una segunda etapa el análisis de regresión logística multivariada, con nivel significativo del 5 %. Resultados La persistencia de la referida sintomatología, si consideramos los últimos 12 meses, fue del 93 % entre los investigados. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el sexo femenino (p=0,021) y la práctica inadecuada de actividad física (p=0,037) con la presencia de síntomas osteomusculares.Conclusión La sintomatología en cuestión puede estar comprometiendo la calidad de vida y el estado de salud de los profesores

PERFIS ALIMENTARES E NUTRICIONAIS DE ADOLESCENTES BRASILEIROS

The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dietary and nutritional profiles of Brazilian adolescents and their associations with sociodemographic, behavioral and sustainability factors. Data from 16,556 adolescents evaluated by the 2015 National Adolescent Health Survey were used. The information was generated from Descriptive and Correspondence Analysis of the main variables - food and nutritional profiles (combination of dietary pattern categories with nutritional status categories) - and secondary. The most prevalent profile was identified as the type of dietary pattern (BP) with the lowest nutritional risk (NB) with normal weight, grouping 42.6% (95%CI: 41.3-43.7) of the adolescents, followed by the PA profiles of higher NB with normal weight (28.1%; 95%CI: 27.1-29.0), BP of lower NB with excess weight (17.5%; 95%CI: 16.7-18.3), BP of higher NB with excess weight (9.2%; 95%CI: 8.6-9.8), BP of lower NB with thinness (1.5%; 95%CI: 1.3-1.8) and BP of greater NB with thinness (1.1%; 95%CI: 0.9-1.4). These food and nutritional profiles coexist with different ways of life among Brazilian adolescents marked by sociodemographic, behavioral and sustainability aspects. The identification of these profiles and how they are distributed in the population allows for a better diagnosis of the realities of adolescents and the planning of more targeted and resolute feeding actions.O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar as prevalências dos perfis alimentares e nutricionais de adolescentes brasileiros e suas associações com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de sustentabilidade. Foram utilizados dados de 16.556 adolescentes avaliados pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. As informações foram geradas a partir de Análise descritiva e de Correspondência das variáveis principais – perfis alimentares e nutricionais (combinação de categorias do padrão alimentar com categorias do estado nutricional) - e secundárias. Identificou-se como perfil mais prevalente o tipo padrão alimentar (PA) de menor risco nutricional (RN) com eutrofia agrupando 42,6% (IC95%: 41,3-43,7) dos adolescentes, esse foi seguido pelos perfis PA de maior RN com eutrofia (28,1%; IC95%: 27,1-29,0), PA de menor RN com excesso de peso (17,5%; IC95%:16,7-18,3), PA de maior RN com excesso de peso (9,2%; IC95%:8,6-9,8), PA de menor RN com magreza (1,5%; IC95%:1,3-1,8) e PA de maior RN com magreza (1,1%; IC95%: 0,9-1,4). Esses perfis alimentares e nutricionais coexistem com formas de vida diferentes entre os adolescentes brasileiros marcadas por aspectos sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de sustentabilidade. A identificação desses perfis e como se distribuem na população permite um melhor diagnósticos das realidades dos adolescentes e ao planejamento de ações de alimentação mais direcionadas e resolutivas

Individual and contextual factors associated to the self-perception of oral health in Brazilian adults

OBJECTIVE: To analyze how individual characteristics and the social context, together, are associated with self-perception of the oral health. METHODS: A multilevel cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey 2013, the United Nations Development Program, and the National Registry of Health Establishments. The explanatory variables for the “oral health perception” outcome were grouped, according to the study framework, into biological characteristics (sex, color, age), proximal social determinants (literacy, household crowding, and socioeconomic stratification), and distal (years of schooling expectancy at age 18, GINI, Human Development Index, and per capita income). The described analysis was performed, along with bivariate Poisson analysis and multilevel Poisson analysis for the construction of the explanatory model of oral health perception. All analyzes considered the sample weights. RESULTS: Both the biological characteristics and the proximal and distal social determinants were associated with the perception of oral health in the bivariate analysis. A higher prevalence of bad oral health was associated to lower years of schooling expectancy (PR = 1.31), lower per capita income (PR = 1.45), higher income concentration (PR = 1.41), and worse human development (PR = 1.45). Inversely, oral health services in both primary and secondary care were negatively associated with oral health perception. All the biological and individual social characteristics, except reading and writing, made up the final explanatory model along with the distal social determinants of the Human Development Index and coverage of basic care in the multilevel analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Biological factors, individual and contextual social determinants were associate synergistically with the population’s perception of oral health. It is necessary to improve individual living conditions and the implementation of public social policies to improve the oral health of the population

Dietary and Nutritional Profiles among Brazilian Adolescents

(1) Background: The present study analyzed the prevalence of dietary and nutritional profiles among Brazilian adolescents and their associations with social determinants of health. (2) Methods: A population-based survey was administered to 16,409 adolescents assessed by the 2015 National School Health Survey. A multivariate model of dietary and nutritional profiles was estimated from correspondence analysis. (3) Results: The dietary and nutritional profiles more prevalent among Brazilian adolescents were “lower nutritional risk dietary pattern and eutrophic” (42.6%), “lower nutritional risk dietary pattern and overweight” (6.8%), and “higher nutritional risk dietary pattern and overweight” (6.0%). Healthier profiles were associated with less urbanized territories, health-promoting behaviors, and families with worse material circumstances. The less healthy profiles were associated with more urbanized environments, health risk behaviors, and families with better material circumstances. (4) Brazilian adolescents have different dietary and nutritional profiles that are characterized by sociopolitical and economic contexts, family material and school circumstances, and the behavioral and psychosocial health factors of the individuals. All of this points to the social determination of these health problems among adolescents in Brazil

Recursos hídricos e saúde humana: impactos industriais e estratégias de manejo e proteção ambiental no município de Goiana/PE

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2016v13n3p163In the context of regional industrial expansion, Brazil's Northeast water resources have suffered many impacts, and industrial waste and pollutants effluents are one of the main factors contributing to environmental damage, which also generate negative externalities for the health of the population in the territory. Thus, this article aims to systematize the types of impacts to the Watershed of the Goiana River in the city of Goiana, Pernambuco, given the recent installation of automotive and chemical poles, with the presence of the first blood products industry in Brazil (Hemobrás), as well as the presence of other productive enterprises in the region; and also to describe the management strategies and environmental protection designed to protect and manage water resources. This was done by a literature review, field research and systematization in secondary data for responsible institutions state and municipal of the protection of the aquifer zone. It was found the presence of pollution and degradation of water resources in Goiana arising from manufacturing poles: cement, glassmaking, automotive, cellulose, the sugar cane and shrimp; there were also evident mitigation measures associated with the protection of biodiversity, water, thus reducing the vulnerability of local people.http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2016v13n3p163No contexto da expansão industrial regional, os recursos hídricos do Nordeste brasileiro vêm sofrendo diversos impactos, os resíduos e efluentes industriais poluentes são uns dos principais fatores que contribuem para os danos ambientais, os quais também geram externalidades negativas para a saúde da população no território. Desse modo, o presente artigo objetiva sistematizar os tipos de impactos à Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Goiana no município de Goiana, Pernambuco, diante da recente instalação dos polos automotivo e farmacoquímico, com a presença da primeira indústria de hemoderivados do Brasil, Hemobrás, bem como pela presença de outros empreendimentos produtivos na região; e descrever as estratégias de manejo e proteção ambiental desenvolvidas para proteger e gerir os recursos hídricos. Para tal, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, bem como pesquisa de campo e sistematização de dados secundários em instituições estaduais e municipais responsáveis pela proteção da zona aquífera. Constatou-se a presença de poluição e degradação dos recursos hídricos em Goiana advindas dos polos fabris: cimenteiro, vidreiro, automotivo, de celulose, da cultura canavieira e da carcinicultura; além de serem evidenciadas medidas mitigadoras associadas à proteção da biodiversidade, da água, reduzindo, assim, a vulnerabilização da população local. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2016v13n3p163En el contexto de la expansión industrial regional, los recursos hídricos del noreste de Brasil han sufrido muchos impactos, residuos y aguas residuales contaminantes industriales son uno de los principales factores que contribuyen al daño ambiental, que también generan externalidades negativas para la salud de la población en el territorio. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo sistematizar los tipos de impactos a la cuenca del río Goiana en el municipio de Goiana, estado de Pernambuco (Brasil), dada la reciente instalación de polos industriales – automotor y farmacoquímico, con la primera industria de productos hemoderivado en Brasil, Hemobrás, y la presencia de otras empresas productivas de la región; y describir las estrategias de gestión y protección del medio ambiente destinadas a proteger y gestionar los recursos hídricos. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de la literatura y la investigación de campo y sistematización de datos secundarios en el estado y las instituciones municipales encargadas de la protección de la zona del acuífero. Se encontró la presencia de la contaminación y la degradación de los recursos hídricos en Goiana resultantes de polos fabriles: de cemento, fabricación de vidrio, automotriz, de celulosa, de caña de azúcar y cultivo de camarón; además és resaltado las medidas de mitigación asociados con la protección de la biodiversidad, el agua, reduciendo con ello la vulnerabilidad de la población local

Social Determinants of Obesity and Stunting among Brazilian Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of obesity and stunting among Brazilian adolescents and its associations with social determinants of health (individual, family, and school), grounded on the necessity of investigating the determinants of nutritional problems within this population. (2) Methods: A population-based survey was administered to 16,556 adolescents assessed by the 2015 National School Health Survey. Multivariate models of obesity and stunting were estimated from Multilevel Poisson Regressions. (3) Results: The prevalence of obesity among Brazilian adolescents (10.0%; 95% CI: 9.4–10.6) was associated directly with indifference or dissatisfaction with body image, with eating breakfast four or fewer days a week, living with up to four people in the household, studying in private schools, and being from the South region, and was inversely associated with being female, 15 years old or older, with having the highest nutritional risk eating pattern, dining at fast-food restaurants, and eating while watching television or studying. The prevalence of stunting (2.3%; 95% CI: 2.0–2.8) was directly associated with the age of 15 years or older, and inversely associated with the lower number of residents living in the household, maternal education—decreasing gradient from literate to college level education, studying in urban schools, and being from the South and Central-West regions. (4) Conclusions: Obesity in adolescence presented behavioral determinants. Stunting and obesity have structural social determinants related, respectively, to worse and better socioeconomic position among Brazilian adolescents